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SolutionsChemical Bonding

1. Three ways

In what three ways can atoms reach a closed outer shell? Give an example of each.

  1. By giving up electrons: lithium or sodium (they form Li+ and Na+).
  2. By accepting electrons: fluorine or chlorine (they form F− and Cl−).
  3. By sharing electrons: carbon in methane or hydrogen in the H2 molecule.

2. Ionic or covalent?

Which type of bond predominates in each substance?

  1. NaCl
  2. CH4
  3. KF
  4. Cl2
  1. Ionic: a metal that gives up electrons and a nonmetal that accepts them.
  2. Covalent: carbon and hydrogen share electrons.
  3. Ionic.
  4. Covalent: two identical atoms share a pair of electrons.

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