Problems and exercisesPreparation
1. Fractional distillation
Arrange these petroleum fractions in the order in which they leave the distillation tower, from the most to the least volatile: gas oil, gas, kerosene, gasoline and residue.
2. Cracking and reforming
What is the difference between cracking and reforming? Which petroleum fraction is each one applied to?
3. Balance the reforming reaction
Heptane is converted into toluene, C7H8, during reforming. Balance the reaction.
4. Octane number
A gasoline behaves in the engine like a mixture of 92% isooctane and 8% heptane. What is its octane number? Why is a high number desirable?
5. Additives
Why was tetraethyllead abandoned as a gasoline additive?