Aromatic Electrophilic Substitution
Aromatic systems are exceptionally stable. They do not undergo the typical reactions of alkenes. However, that does not mean they are unreactive. Under the appropriate conditions they give electrophilic aromatic substitution (SEAr), a kind of reaction in which aromaticity is temporarily lost at the transition state but is recovered in the final products.
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Mechanism
Simple SEAr reactions

Aromatic Halogenation

Aromatic Nitration

Friedel-Crafts
Alkylation

Friedel-Crafts Acylation




